9 Ways to Prevent Allergies Triggered by Climate Change

Around 400 million people worldwide suffer from allergic rhinitis, a condition also common in Nepal. This condition occurs when airborne allergens, such as pollen, affect the nasal passages. It usually manifests during the spring and rainy seasons, commonly known as “hay fever.” In North America, it is often referred to as seasonal allergies, caused by various pollen types or other allergens. The number of patients and the severity of hay fever symptoms have been steadily increasing, with climate change considered a major contributing factor. Changes in air quality, temperature, and environmental conditions during seasonal transitions can amplify allergy symptoms. Particularly in spring and autumn, pollen, dust, and pollution levels rise in the air. When these particles enter the body through the nose, eyes, or respiratory tract, the immune system overreacts, causing allergies. Symptoms may include sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, a scratchy throat, or difficulty breathing. A weakened immune system and exposure to dust, smoke, and temperature fluctuations can further increase allergy risks.

Fortunately, you no longer have to silently endure these symptoms. In recent years, new and more effective treatments for hay fever have become available. Research has also clarified the best timing and methods for their use. 1. Nasal sprays are more effective than oral medications. Many people use oral drugs like Claritin or Benadryl at the onset of mild sneezing or allergy symptoms, but these are less effective than nasal sprays. Oral medications must pass through the digestive system before spreading through the body, delivering only a small amount of medication to the nasal area where it is most needed. Nasal sprays, by contrast, are applied directly inside the nose and provide rapid relief by targeting the area causing inflammation, reducing nasal congestion, sneezing, and other symptoms. Therefore, nasal sprays are now recommended as the first line of treatment for both children and adults. 2. Use decongestant nasal sprays with caution. Not all nasal sprays are the same. Many use decongestant sprays to relieve nasal blockage, but these can worsen the problem if used excessively. Sprays containing oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, or xylometazoline shrink blood vessels to reduce nasal swelling, making breathing easier. However, using these sprays for more than five days can cause dependency, leading to rebound congestion. 3. Choose second-generation antihistamines when taking oral medication. If medication is necessary or habitual, newer drugs such as cetirizine, loratadine, or fexofenadine are preferable. 4. Begin treatment before allergy symptoms appear. Many wait for symptoms to show before starting medication, but preemptive treatment is more effective. 5. Continue taking medication regularly even when symptom-free. 6. Use nasal sprays correctly. 7. Administer eye drops properly. 8. Avoid known allergy triggers. 9. If symptoms persist, consult a healthcare professional promptly.